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Automatic Virtual Machine Activation (AVMA):

Automatic Virtual Machine Activation (AVMA) was first introduced in Windows Server 2012 R2. This technology allows to automatically activate all virtual machines with guest Windows Server running on the Hyper-V host with the Windows Server Datacenter edition. Thus, any new virtual machine running Windows Server will be automatically activated when started with no need to use a MAK key, activate a VM on the KMS server, connect to the Internet or manually activate a product.

• The public key of AVMA (listed below) must be specified as the product key on guest OSs.
• Integration Services must be installed on a VM, and Data Exchange (Management -> Integration Services) option must be enabled in the VM properties.
• A guest OS must have Microsoft Hyper-V Activation Component.

To activate guest OSs using AVMA, they must have special AVMA keys which differ depending on the version and edition of the OS.

Windows Server 2012 R2

Edition	AVMA Key
Datacenter	Y4TGP-NPTV9-HTC2H-7MGQ3-DV4TW
Standard	DBGBW-NPF86-BJVTX-K3WKJ-MTB6V
Essentials	K2XGM-NMBT3-2R6Q8-WF2FK-P36R2

Windows Server 2016

Edition	AVMA Key
Datacenter	TMJ3Y-NTRTM-FJYXT-T22BY-CWG3J
Standard	C3RCX-M6NRP-6CXC9-TW2F2-4RHYD
Essentials	B4YNW-62DX9-W8V6M-82649-MHBKQ

Windows Server 2019

Edition	AVMA Key
Datacenter	H3RNG-8C32Q-Q8FRX-6TDXV-WMBMW
Standard	TNK62-RXVTB-4P47B-2D623-4GF74
Essentials	2CTP7-NHT64-BP62M-FV6GG-HFV28

An AVMA key has to be specified during guest OS installation or any time after it using the following command run elevated:

slmgr –ipk <AVMA_Key>

DV, OV, and EV Certificates

Domain validated or DV certificates are the most common type of SSL certificate. They are verified using only the domain name. Typically, the CA exchanges confirmation email with an address listed in the domain’s WHOIS record. Alternatively, the CA provides a verification file which the owner places on the website to be protected. Either method confirms that the domain is controlled by the party requesting the certificate.

Organization validated or OV certificates require more validation than DV certificates, but provide more trust. For this type, the CA will verify the actual business that is attempting to get the certificate.The organization’s name is also listed in the certificate, giving added trust that both the website and the company are reputable.

Extended validation or EV certificates provide the maximum amount of trust to visitors, and also require the most effort by the CA to validate.extra documentation must be provided to issue an EV certificate.As with OV, EV lists the company name in the certificate itself.

Windows Server 2019 Licensing:

Windows Server 2019 Standard and Windows Server 2019 Datacenter alternatively both follow core-based licensing models, where licensing requirements are determined based on the number of server cores instead of the number of processors. The transition from processor based to core based licensing was first introduced with Windows Server 2016 Standard and Datacenter to provide a more consistent licensing experience across multi-cloud environments.

Each server requires a minimum of a single Base License, which covers 16 cores.

All physical cores of the server must be licensed. Keep in mind, Windows Server Additional Licenses may be required in addition to Base Licenses to cover cores on systems with more than 16 cores in total.

Datacenter Switchovers:

Datacenter Activation Coordination mode
DAC mode is used to control the database mount on startup behavior of a DAG. This control is designed to prevent split brain from occurring at the database level during a datacenter switchback. Split brain, also known as split brain syndrome, is a condition that results in a database copying being mounted as an active copy on two members of the same DAG that are unable to communicate. Split brain is prevented using DAC mode because DAC mode requires DAG members to obtain permission to mount databases before they can be mounted.

Activate DAC : Set-DatabaseAvailabilityGroup -DatacenterActivationMode DagOnly

Disable auto activation : Set-MailboxServer -DatabaseCopyAutoActivationPolicy Unrestricted

Stop DAG in principal site : Stop-DatabaseAvailabilityGroup –ActiveDirectorySite "principal site"

Stop the cluster service in the backup site: Stop-Service clussvc

Restaure le DAG in Backup Site Restore-DatabaseAvailabilityGroup –ActiveDirectorySite "Backup Site"

Activate mail box database Move-ActiveMailboxDatabase DatabaseName –ActivateOnServer "backup server" Start-DatabaseAvabilibityGroup -server "backup server"

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/datacenter-switchovers-exchange-2013-help

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/sql-server/failover-clusters/windows/force-a-wsfc-cluster-to-start-without-a-quorum?view=sql-server-ver15 

https://www.azure365pro.com/exchange-datacenter-switchover/ 

https://blog.ahasayen.com/exchange-disaster-recovery-and-data-center-switch-over/